Human Trafficking
August 05, 2016Hello readers, on this occasion i want to share my Human trafficking essay. this essay is my original work on purpose to join MUN community, but because of some problem, I cant join it. So, i decided to upload my essay. I hope my essay will be useful for my readers. enjoy :)
*this essay is my original work, so if you want to quote or copy it, please make a copyright and comment on my blog
Causes of Human Trafficking in Southeast Asia
Abstract
Background:
Human trafficking has become an international problem. Two-thirds number of 36
million victims of human trafficking are from Asia, a high number of human trafficking
is in Southeast Asia. Question: The high rates of human trafficking certainly
have reasons, so the question is what causes of human trafficking in Southeast
Asia and what recommendations to reduce the high rate of human trafficking? Result:
causes of human trafficking are economics condition, socio-cultural, policy and
enforcement. The recommendations to reduce human trafficking are create
effective policies and empowerment and make a facilitation of education.
Introduction
Human trafficking is an activity of human trading on
purposes sexual abuse, forced labor, harvesting organs, criminal and the other
form of exploitation. Human trafficking currently has become an international
problem. It is estimated that nearly one-third of the global
trafficking trade, or about 200-225,000 women and children, are trafficked
annually from South-East Asia. However, most of this trafficking occurs within
the South-East Asian region. About 60 per cent of the trafficking which occurs
is to major regional cities in South-East Asia and about 40 per cent to the
rest of the world. The global
slavery index (GSI) in 2014 records that there are around 36 million victims of
human trafficking in the world; two-thirds of them are from Asia. According to the GSI, Indonesia, India, China,
Pakistan, Bangladesh, Thailand are become top 10 countries with the highest
number of trafficking victims in the world. In Southeast Asia, human
trafficking mixed with two forms, such as sexual exploitation and forced labor.
Occurrences of human trafficking in
Southeast Asia certainly have reasons; there are universal factors such as
Economics condition, socio-cultural, policy and enforcement.
Contents
a.
Causes
Poverty is a massive problem in Asia. In Mayor
Countries, 80 to 90 percent of poor people live in rural areas. In 2005
according to Asia Development Bank report, Laos, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam,
Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia belonging the poor countries in Asia Region. Potential
victims of human trafficking are come from high population growth countries
with high rate poverty. The poor doesn’t have any money for education, so their
orientation obtains a lot of money for a better economics condition. They are
subsequently deceived by manipulative false promises of employment and education
opportunities in addition to get a better life condition. In reality, the
traffickers do not follow their promises. The victims are forced to do other
work like prostitution or hard labor and didn’t get any pay. There is a phenomenon
that some children are sold to traders by their parents because they don’t have
any money to raise their children. They think by doing that, their children
will have a better life. Poverty makes most women agree to married a
moneylender, subsequently they are sold to a
prostitution mafia. The poverty
and low education make the poor gullible, because their trapped in an economics
condition.
Socio-culture has contribution in causes human
trafficking in Southeast Asia, because people behavior based on their point of
view. Many socio-cultures in Southeast Asia State have a point of view that
able to cause human trafficking. For instance; the lower value of women and child
than man, early age marriage, polygamy, divorcement, and opinion that city is
better than village, success person based on their wealth, and differentiation
of society into social levels. Low value of women and child instead of man make
some men think that they can harvest advantages of them. The early marriage and
polygamy make a high rate of divorcement, the value of virginity decrease and
increase poverty. Early age marriage without maturity of money and mental, push
divorcement and irresponsible husband. When it happens, women bear their responsibility
of their children. Immature marriage and polygamy makes people forced to earn
much money for their family. That situation makes people willing to do anything
to support their family and easy deceived with fake promises from human
trafficking trader. Migration from village to city, desire to get rich quickly
and social recognition make people easily deceived with fake promises too. It’s
not a new phenomenon that socio-culture impact the human trafficking.
High corruption
and weakness of law enforcement give an opportunity for human trafficking. Few
officers in migration become a mafia of human trafficking, they get paid from
trader to make a false migration passport for the victim or give an access for
trader to entry their country without passing migration. Messy record of
population growth measure gives a chance of human trafficking, government who
doesn’t know their people will find it hard to find their people. The long
process and light punishment for traders didn’t make any regret to trader of
human trafficking. Victims who migrations with a fake document without any
knowledge will feel scared to report it. They are afraid to involve in such a huge
problem with the officer and can be considered to be deported. Sometimes, officer
takes easy for human trafficking problem and the process of law become so long.
It makes victims didn’t believe in law and continue their job under pressure.
Lack of transparency in officers who solve human trafficking problem makes
victims forced; the traders have a connection and take a chance with the system
of law, so victims have a few opportunities to come out from human trafficking
problems. Corruption makes law system becomes expensive; the ones who have
money will win the court. Victims don’t have any money to hire an educative
lawyer or prove that they are victims, the process become so long and absorb
much money. That situation makes victims give up reporting human trafficking
problem and gives an opportunity for traders to continue their sin.
b.
Recommendation
Government should make effective policies and
empowerment for human trafficking by working together with all nations in
Southeast Asia, so it will be easy to catch the criminal and give them a fair
punishment. All nation in Southeast Asia works together to make some system and
policy which mutually agreement and held together about how to treat victims
and perpetrator, make a report post, and discuss about human trafficking
problem between related countries. Effective policy and empowerment can be done
by simplify the reports system for victims, so when the victims report, law
process and empowerment can be done quick and justice. All nations in Southeast
Asia should give a severe punishment to officer who help trader in human
trafficking case and receive bribe from them. Migration officers should tighten
their migration process; check all documents and their purposes when someone
wants to go to another country or another city. Government should give a
protection for victims and their report by give them a competitive lawyer to
defend them and give a psychologist for recover their mental.
Education for all nations in Southeast
Asia need to be expanded, all people have to receive an education, either formal school or informal
school. Government can make free education for their entire citizen; give soft
and hard skill education for the poor; and job training for people in
productive age that never got any education. School or social community can
make a seminar for children and adult about how to refuse human trafficking,
how to report a human trafficking case to the police, what is human trafficking
and what form is it, and the other education about human trafficking problem.
People who live in village that have a high rate of young marriage should get
education about what their bear in marriage, give them an education about
maturity of finance and mental, and persuade them to wait their marriage until
their mature age. People in Southeast
Asia should be educated about divorcement, for example about who’s got the disadvantages about their
divorcement or what kind of responsibility that there bear by taking that risk.
By education, the high rate of poverty and human trafficking can be reduced.
Conclusion
Human trafficking is a big problem in Southeast Asia,
there are many causes of human trafficking like poverty, socio cultural
problem, and law problem. To solve human trafficking problem, the
recommendations are to make an effective policy and empowerment and make a
facilities of education. By doing the recommendation, it can reduce the human
trafficking problem in Southeast Asia.
All nations in Southeast Asia contribution and double
check document in migration will make a difficult access of human trafficking
for traders. The severe punishment for officers who received bribe from human
trafficker give them fear to help the trader. Report system for the victims
make a fast law process of human trafficking, so the traders will be hard to do
there crime, it make the trader think twice to do their crime in Southeast
Asia, because of their effective policy that Southeast Asia made.
Education can decrease poverty and make people have an
opportunity to live better; they can have a worthy job with a worthy salary as
well. Educated people will not easy to be deceived by a manipulative promise,
for example for working in another country without clear documents and
explanations; working in unofficial company without any contract; or signed a
fake contract.
Education can also decrease a young age marriage, low
number of young age marriage can decrease poverty and number of human
trafficking victims Young age marriage nowadays is irrelevant in globalization
era, because marriage need more maturity of money and mental. When someone has
an education, they will likely to be open minded about the fact in society and
think twice to decide for married. Young people can bear their own life and
chase their dream, so they will not be trapped with a manipulative promise and
trap them into a prostitution and hard worker. Education gives women an
opportunity to success, because in globalization era, there is no gender gap
anymore, young women can also work and be successful with their education, so
it can decrease women trafficking for prostitution in Southeast Asia.
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